Posts tagged cities

This week I will be posting several insightful excerpts from John Stackhouse's new book Making the Best of It: Following Christ in the Real World, which I will be reviewing, with great pleasure, for Books & Culture this fall. Stackhouse's book is a marvelous counterpoint and companion for Culture Making, not least for its careful and thoughtful readings of three major thinkers on Christians and culture of the twentieth century: C. S. Lewis, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Stackhouse notes that Lewis, for all the ways he offers a joyful and intelligent model of cultural engagement, was in some ways strikingly individualistic. (To Stackhouse's credit, later in the book he makes a compelling case that the currently fashionable tendency among evangelicals and others to decry "individualism" is way too simplistic.) Is "heaven" for C. S. Lewis the countryside rather than the city?

re: c. s. lewis, cities, john stackhouse, revelation

Andy:

It is interesting . . . to ask what Lewis thought about cities, those symbols of human social life. Wesley Kort avers, “While Lewis affirms the importance of social spaces that accommodate and stimulate the potentials of persons and grant to persons a sense of being a home, he offers no realistic models of social space equivalent to those he gives for personal spaces and open landscapes.” Compare also the testimonial of Helen Gardner, as Meilander introduces it: “Despite the fact that much of his [academic] work concerned the debt of English literature to the literature of the Renaissance, no vision of ‘cities, large and small, with splendid public monuments’ ever played a large role in his imagination. For Lewis, she suggests, the simple loyalties of the comitatus were never replaced by the more complex loyalties of the ‘city.’” . . .

London itself appears in the Narnia chronicles, but always as negative (particularly in The Magician’s Nephew, but it is also war-torn London from which the children must be sent away in The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe as well). All of the other cities in the Narnia chronicles are evil—from Charn to Calormen. Hell itself is a city in The Great Divorce, but Heaven is a countryside. I shall leave as homework for Lewis aficionados this question: does anything good happen in a city in any of Lewis’s writings? One wonders if C. S. Lewis himself stood in need of some imaginative conversion by the Bible’s own images of the New Jerusalem.

This smart article from The New Republic about the return of affluent residents to downtowns makes some judicious points about the return of the (upper) middle classes to American cities. The bottom line remains that "the suburbs" are going to mean something quite different to our grandchildren than they meant to us: among other things, ethnic and economic diversity, lower incomes, and increased crime. And "the city" already means something completely different to a 22-year-old today than it meant to me when I was 22 years old (e.g., "Sex and . . .").

re: cities, neighborhoods, suburbs, trends

Andy:

What makes [Vancouver] unusual--indeed, at this point unique in all of North America--is that roughly 20 percent of its residents live within a couple of square miles of each other in the city’s center. Downtown Vancouver is a forest of slender, green, condo skyscrapers, many of them with three-story townhouse units forming a kind of podium at the base. Each morning, there are nearly as many people commuting out of the center to jobs in the suburbs as there are commuting in. Two public elementary schools have opened in downtown Vancouver in the past few years. A large proportion of the city’s 600,000 residents, especially those with money, want to live downtown.

No American city looks like Vancouver at the moment. But quite a few are moving in this direction. Demographic inversions of one sort or another are occurring in urban pockets scattered all across America, many of them in seemingly unlikely places. Charlotte, North Carolina, is in the midst of a downtown building boom dominated by new mixed-use high-rise buildings, with office space on the bottom and condos or rental units above. Even at a moment of economic weakness, the condos are still selling briskly.

We are not witnessing the abandonment of the suburbs or a movement of millions of people back to the city all at once. But we are living at a moment in which the massive outward migration of the affluent that characterized the second half of the twentieth century is coming to an end. For several decades now, cities in the United States have wished for a “24/7” downtown, a place where people live as well as work, and keep the streets busy, interesting, and safe at all times of day. This is what urbanist Jane Jacobs preached in the 1960s, and it has long since become the accepted goal of urban planners. Only when significant numbers of people lived downtown, planners believed, could central cities regain their historic role as magnets for culture and as a source of identity and pride for the metropolitan areas they served. Now that’s starting to happen, fueled by the changing mores of the young and by gasoline prices fast approaching $5-per-gallon. In many of its urbanized regions, an America that seemed destined for everincreasing individualization and sprawl is experimenting with new versions of community and sociability.

Two comments on this important article from the Journal. First, when my children and grandchildren are seeking the way to radical discipleship and racial reconciliation (as I hope they will be), they will be moving to the inner-ring suburbs, not to the "inner cities," many of which are well on their way to becoming islands of affluence. Second, this article is unfortunately stuck in a "black–white" model of ethnicity in which whites are the majority and blacks stand in for "minorities." Very soon we white people will be a plurality, not a majority, in America. Even the best journalism has yet to catch up with this reality.

re: cities, ethnicity, neighborhoods, race, trends, unintended consequences

Andy:

Today, cities are refashioning themselves as trendy centers devoid of suburban ills like strip malls and long commutes. In Atlanta, which has among the longest commute times of any U.S. city, the white population rose by 26,000 between 2000 and 2006, while the black population decreased by 8,900. Overall the white proportion has increased to 35% in 2006 from 31% in 2000.

In other cities, whites are still leaving, but more blacks are moving out. Boston lost about 6,000 black residents between 2000 and 2006, but only about 3,000 whites. In 2006, whites accounted for 50.2% of the city’s population, up from 49.5% in 2000. That’s the first increase in roughly a century.

This article (though not without its political slant) is a master class in how culture sets the horizons of the possible, in one of the most fundamental aspects of life: fertility and reproduction. There's also an intriguing section on what it means to shrink a city in an era of declining population.

re: children, cities, europe, family, horizons of the possible

Andy:

There would seem to be two models for achieving higher fertility: the neosocialist Scandinavian system and the laissez-faire American one. Aassve put it to me this way: “You might say that in order to promote fertility, your society needs to be generous or flexible. The U.S. isn’t very generous, but it is flexible. Italy is not generous in terms of social services and it’s not flexible. There is also a social stigma in countries like Italy, where it is seen as less socially accepted for women with children to work. In the U.S., that is very accepted.”